Trained mental health interpreters can improve communication and increase client adherence.
Immigrants have the same rights as Canadians regarding access to health care; however, they must apply for their provincial or territorial health insurance card based on where they end up residing. Until they receive their health card, immigrants must either purchase private health care or pay for services. Refugees receive support from either their private sponsor or settlement agent to order their provincial/territorial health care. While waiting, refugees receive support under the Interim Federal Health Program (see the IFHP Benefit Grid in Module 5 for more information). It is important to note that regardless of status—immigrant or refugee—many provincial and territorial health insurance plans do not cover the cost of prescriptions. Along with actual medication costs, additional costs associated with treatment, such as transportation, child care expenses and time away from work, are usually not recognized by government aid programs and are not sufficiently compensated.
Ethno-psychopharmacology is the study of the cultural and genetic influences on a particular ethno-social groups' response to psychotropic medications. For example, it has been reported that Hispanic clients require half the dose of a tricyclic antidepressant to achieve therapeutic benefit and are more sensitive to side effects than white patients. Knowing and understanding ethnic differences in dose requirements and side effects may help clinicians determine the proper dosage or recognize drug incompatibility earlier in the treatment regimen.
Clients who feel they are not being listened to, have been “taken over” or are disempowered are less likely to follow medical advice. Therefore, it is important to go beyond simple medication prescriptions and address other aspects of a person's life.
Pharmacoptherapy is only one aspect of treatment. Medication is most effective when used in addition to psychosocial interventions and other support programs.